IPV6 network boot with iPXE: Difference between revisions

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假设  
假设  


Server的 link-local address 是 fe80::6e92:bfff:fe07:bbb9  
Client的 link-local address 是 fe80::6e92:bfff:fe07:bbb9  


Client的 link-local address 是 fe80::21b:21ff:fe36:607e
Server的 link-local address 是 fe80::21b:21ff:fe36:607e


IPv6 multicast addresses '''ff01::1:2'''
IPv6 multicast addresses '''ff01::1:2'''
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<code>/etc/dhcp/radvd.conf</code><syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
<code>/etc/radvd.conf</code><syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
interface eth0
interface eth0
{
{

Latest revision as of 06:58, 2 July 2020

IPv6地址获取方式

IPv6地址获取主要分为以下几种

IPv6地址获取方式
预设闸道 地址分配 DNS
手动配置 手动 手动 手动
SLAAC RDNSS RA RA RA
SLAAC DHCPv6 RA RA DHCP
Stateful DHCPv6 RA DHCP DHCP

RA: Router Advertisement

SLAAC: Stateless Address Autoconfiguration

RDNSS: Recursive DNS Server

自动获取IPv6地址时获取信息的方式主要通过RA的M位与O位控制.

  • M (Managed Address Configuration)
  • O (Other Configuration)

M = 1 表示 Client需要去DHCPv6获取 IPv6 Prefix

O =1 表示 Client需要去DHCPv6获取DNS等信息

  1. SLAAC + RDNSS M = 0, O = 0 Client将从RA获得prefix, DNS等信息. RA一般由Router提供, 在Linux环境下可以通过radvd服务提供
  2. SLAAC + DHCPv6 M = 0, O = 1 Client将从RA获取prefix, 其他信息比如DNS由DHCPv6提供
  3. Stateful DHCPv6 M = 1, O = 1 Client将从DHCPv6获取所有信息

IPv6地址获取流程[1]

Client 使用UDP 546 端口, Server 使用 UDP 547 端口, 但IPv6不使用 broadcast方式获取地址.

假设

Client的 link-local address 是 fe80::6e92:bfff:fe07:bbb9

Server的 link-local address 是 fe80::21b:21ff:fe36:607e

IPv6 multicast addresses ff01::1:2

  • DHCPv6 client sends a Solicit from [fe80::6e92:bfff:fe07:bbb9]:546 for [ff01::1:2]:547
  • DHCPv6 server replies with an Advertise from [fe80::21b:21ff:fe36:607e]:547 for [fe80::6e92:bfff:fe07:bbb9]:546
  • DHCPv6 client replies with a Request from [fe80::6e92:bfff:fe07:bbb9]:546 for [ff01::1:2]:547
  • DHCPv6 server finishes with an Reply from [fe80::21b:21ff:fe36:607e]:547 for [fe80::6e92:bfff:fe07:bbb9]:546

DHCPv6-flow

RADVD[2]

Managed will tell the target host to request its IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server instead of using SLAAC.

Other is important bit, as it tells the target host that (non-address related) configuration information is available from the DHCPv6 server.


/etc/radvd.conf

interface eth0
{
        AdvSendAdvert on;
        MinRtrAdvInterval 30;
        MaxRtrAdvInterval 100;
        AdvManagedFlag on;
        AdvOtherConfigFlag on;
        prefix 3ffe:501:ffff:100::/64
        {
                AdvOnLink on;
                AdvAutonomous on;
                AdvRouterAddr off;
        };

};

启用radvd时必须启用 IPv6 forwarding功能

 echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf | sysctl -p

DHCPv6 (isc-dhcp-server)

/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf[3]

default-lease-time 2592000;
preferred-lifetime 604800;
option dhcp-renewal-time 3600;
option dhcp-rebinding-time 7200;
allow leasequery;
option dhcp6.preference 255;
option dhcp6.info-refresh-time 21600;
dhcpv6-lease-file-name "/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd6.leases";

option dhcp6.name-servers 2001:4860:4860::8888;  # Use Google's Public DNS Server
option dhcp6.domain-search "test.example.com","example.com";
option dhcp6.user-class code 15 = string;
option dhcp6.vendor-class-data code 16 = string;
option dhcp6.bootfile-url code 59 = string;
option dhcp6.client-arch-type code 61 = array of unsigned integer 16;

if exists dhcp6.user-class and
        substring(option dhcp6.user-class, 2, 4) = "iPXE" {
        option dhcp6.bootfile-url "http://[3ffe:501:ffff:100::1]/start.ipxe";
} else {
        if option dhcp6.client-arch-type = 00:00 {
         option dhcp6.bootfile-url "tftp://[3ffe:501:ffff:100::1]/undionly.kpxe"; # Standard PC BIOS
        } elsif option dhcp6.client-arch-type = 00:06 {
         option dhcp6.bootfile-url "tftp://[3ffe:501:ffff:100::1]/ipxe.efi"; # 32-bit x86 EFI
        } elsif option dhcp6.client-arch-type = 00:07 {
         option dhcp6.bootfile-url "tftp://[3ffe:501:ffff:100::1]/ipxe.efi"; # 64-bit x86 EFI
        } elsif option dhcp6.client-arch-type = 00:09 {
         option dhcp6.bootfile-url "tftp://[3ffe:501:ffff:100::1]/ipxe.efi"; # 64-bit x86 EFI(obsolete)
        } elsif option dhcp6.client-arch-type = 00:0a {
         option dhcp6.bootfile-url "tftp://[3ffe:501:ffff:100::1]/ipxe.efi"; # 32-bit ARM EFI
        } elsif option dhcp6.client-arch-type = 00:0b {
         option dhcp6.bootfile-url "tftp://[3ffe:501:ffff:100::1]/arm64.efi"; # 64-bit ARM EFI
        } 
}

subnet6 3ffe:501:ffff:100::/64 {
        range6 3ffe:501:ffff:100::10 3ffe:501:ffff:100::50;
        range6 3ffe:501:ffff:100:: temporary;
        prefix6 3ffe:501:ffff:100:: 3ffe:501:ffff:111:: /64;
}

tftp server

/etc/xinetd.d/tftp

flags默认是IPv4 仅支持IPv4; 修改为IPv6后同时支持IPv6和IPv4

service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = no
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv6
}

http server

Just deploy a simple http server to serve http request.

iPXE

start.ipxe

#!ipxe
set conn_type http
chain --autofree http://[3ffe:501:ffff:100::1]/menu.ipxe || echo HTTP failed, localbooting...

menu.ipxe

#!ipxe
show ip6
set menu-timeout 5000
set submenu-timeout ${menu-timeout}

# Ensure we have menu-default set to something
isset ${menu-default} || set menu-default localhdd

set boot-url http://[3ffe:501:ffff:100::1]
set keep-san 1

######## MAIN MENU #############
:start
menu iPXE Boot Menu
item
item --gap --      -------Advanced configuration -----------
item --key 0 localhdd   [0] Local HDD
item --key 2 linux      [2] Linux Install
item --gap --            ---------------------------

choose --default  ${menu-default} --timeout 30000 target && goto ${target}

##### Main Items ########
:localhdd
exit

:linux
menu Linux Menu
item redhat74   RedHat74

choose target && goto ${target}

:redhat74
echo Install Red Hat 7.4
set centos_url ${boot-url}/linux/redhat/7.4
iseq ${platform} efi && goto centos_efi || goto centos_legacy
        :centos_efi
        echo Starting Install RedHat (UEFI)
        kernel ${centos_url}/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz initrd=initrd.img inst.loglevel=debug repo=${centos_url} noipv4 ip=dhcp6
        initrd ${centos_url}/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
        boot
        :centos_legacy
        echo Starting Install CentOS (Legacy BIOS)
        kernel ${centos_url}/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz  initrd=initrd.img repo=${centos_url}
        initrd ${centos_url}/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
        boot

DHCPv6 Options

The list of assigned values used in DHCPv6 is available at:

https://www.iana.org/assignments/dhcpv6-parameters/dhcpv6-parameters.xhtml

References

  1. ↑ [rfc:8415 rfc:8415] https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/prog/configuration/166/b_166_programmability_cg/ipxe.html
  2. ↑ https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/networking_guide/sec-comparison_of_dhcpv6_to_radvd
  3. ↑ https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UEFI/SecureBoot/PXE-IPv6
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