Create a custom live iso

本文使用 deepin 20 来创建一个自定义 deepin iso.

你可以使用任意带有 debootstrap 环境的系统从0开始构建一个自定义live iso，但本文只介绍在已有iso的基础上修改并生成自定义live iso.

本文说的修改主要是指新添加一个第三方驱动包.

警告：所有需要使用 [chroot] 环境的命令我都会使用加粗字体提前告知.

sudo mount -t iso9660 deepin.iso /mnt

创建工作环境

mkdir -p $HOME/deepin-live/workdir

复制 filesystem.squashfs到本地

cp -av /mnt/live/filesystem.squashfs $HOME/deepin-live/

解压 squashfs

cd $HOME/deepin-live/workdir

unsquashfs ../filesystem.squashfs

会自动解压到当前路径目录名称 squashfs-root

为chroot做必要的操作

sudo mount --bind /dev squashfs-root/dev

sudo mount --bind /sys squashfs-root/sys

sudo mount --bind /proc squashfs-root/proc

准备第三方驱动包

cp -av package-name.deb $HOME/deepin-live/workdir/squashfs-root/

警告： [chroot]

chroot $HOME/deepin-live/workdir/squashfs-root/

目前已在chroot环境以下开始chroot环境的操作

dpkg -i package-name.deb

末尾追加一行

sed -i '$a\driver_name' /etc/initramfs-tools/modules

更新initramfs

update-initramfs -u

创建 manifest

dpkg-query --show --showformat='${Package} ${Version}\n' | tee filesystem.manifest

清理战场

apt clean

history -c

rm -rf /tmp/*

rm -rf package-name.deb

退出chroot环境

exit

umount -R $HOME/deepin-live/workdir/squashfs-root

生成 squashfs

# pwd

/root/deepin-live/workdir

# mksquashfs squashfs-root filesystem.squashfs.new -comp xz

准备新iso内容

mkdir -p $HOME/custom-iso

rsync --exclude=live/filesystem.squashfs -az /mnt/ custom-iso/

cd $HOME/custom-iso/live

更新 squashfs

cp -a $HOME/deepin-live/workdir/filesystem.squashfs.new  filesystem.squashfs

更新 manifest

cp -a $HOME/deepin-live/workdir/squashfs-root/filesystem.manifest filesystem.manifest

cp -a $HOME/deepin-live/workdir/squashfs-root/filesystem.manifest filesystem.manifest-desktop

更新 filesystem.size

du -sx --block-size=1 $HOME/deepin-live/workdir/squashfs-root | cut -f1 > filesystem.size

更新 initrd.lz (包含第三方驱动)

cp -a $HOME/deepin-live/workdir/squashfs-root/boot/initrd-XXX.img initrd.lz

重新计算 md5

cd $HOME/custom-iso

rm md5sum.txt

find -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum | tee md5sum.txt

生成iso

#pwd

/root/custom-iso

#xorriso -as mkisofs -V 'Deepin Livecd' -cache-inodes -J -l -joliet-long -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -no-emul-boot -eltorito-alt-boot -e boot/efi.img -no-emul-boot -isohybrid-gpt-basdat -isohybrid-apm-hfsplus  -o ../uos20sp1-custom-amd64.iso .

也可使用 genisoimage 生成新的iso image

参数说明

xorriso -as mkisofs -help --

-V ID, -volid ID Set Volume ID

-cache-inodes Cache inodes (needed to detect hard links)

-J, -joliet Generate Joliet directory information

-l, -full-iso9660-filenames Allow full 31 character filenames for ISO9660 names

-joliet-long Allow Joliet file names to be 103 Unicode characters

-b FILE, -eltorito-boot FILE

Set El Torito boot image name

-c FILE, -eltorito-catalog FILE

Set El Torito boot catalog name

-eltorito-alt-boot Start specifying alternative El Torito boot parameters

-boot-load-size # Set numbers of load sectors

-boot-info-table Patch boot image with info table

-no-emul-boot Boot image is 'no emulation' image

-isohybrid-gpt-basdat Mark El Torito boot image as Basic Data in GPT

-isohybrid-gpt-hfsplus Mark El Torito boot image as HFS+ in GPT

-isohybrid-apm-hfsplus Mark El Torito boot image as HFS+ in APM

-o FILE, -output FILE Set output file name

-iso-level LEVEL Set ISO9660 conformance level (1..3) or 4 for ISO9660 version 2

-udf Generate UDF file system

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